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Coenobita clypeatus

Coenobita clypeatus Fabricius, 1787

Image©Agnes Pere

中文名

西里伯斯陸寄居蟹(來自農委會漁業署出版的資料)、西伯利斯陸寄居蟹(非學名)。

體型

前甲長可達23mm。

分佈

從南佛羅里達到委內瑞拉、墨西哥、西印度群島、加勒比海、巴拿馬、波多黎各、美屬處女群島、貝里斯、古巴等等。

棲息環境

棲息較內陸的地區，喜歡躲在樹根和洞穴內。主要以淡水作為水源。牠們的棲息地點可以遠離海岸達15km，喜歡乾燥多於潮濕地區。

幼體變態

四至六期蚤狀幼體。

形態

成體
體色呈深紅色、紅色、淡紅色，橙紅色。

眼柄
眼柄呈圓型，底部較粗，與短掌陸寄居蟹(Coenobita brevimanus)略有不同。眼柄呈白色，底部帶有褐色斑紋。

有些個體眼睛呈棕紅色。

觸角
第二觸角的觸角鱗片不可動，與柄部第二節互相隔合。

螯腳
左螯腳比右螯腳大。左螯腳靠近背側外表面沒有齒狀的斜向顆粒列。

左螯腳掌部明顯呈藍紫色，指節呈橙色至黃色。

較大型的個體左螯腳的藍紫色似乎不太明顯。

左右螯腳內側皆有剛毛。

左右螯腳著有黑色斑點。

胸足
左第三胸足的前節粗壯。

第二、三胸足著有黑色斑點。

腹部
腹部略短。

雄性生殖器
雄性生殖器(精管)的形狀如下。

幼體
體色呈米黃色、左螯腳背部明顯呈淺紫色，指節呈灰藍色。其他和成體相近。

Remark

野外的Coenobita clypeatus會有排隊交換螺殼的行為。

Gallery

Reference links

  • coenobita.e-monsite.com
  • coenobitaspecies.com
  • http://crustiesfroverseas.free.fr/

Reference articles

  • Achituv Y., Ziskind M.,  1985. Adaptation of Coenobita scaevola (Forskal) (Crustacea, Anemura) to terrestrial life in desert-bordered shore line

  • Bright D. B., 1966. The Land Crabs of Costa Rica

  • Burggren W. W., McMahon B. R., 2009. Biology of the Land Crabs, Cambridge University Press

  • De Wilde P.A.W.J., 1973. On the ecology of Coenobita clypeatus in Curaçao with reference to reproduction, water economy and osmoregulation in terrestrial hermit crabs

  • Greenaway P., 2003. Terrestrial adaptations in the Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda)

  • Hung-Li Yuan, 2008. Morphological and Molecular Evidence for a Stepwise Terrestrial Evolution and Species Delimitation on the Coenobita Phylogeny

  • Krång A. S., Knaden M., Steck K., Hansson B. S., 2012. Transition from sea to land: olfactory function and constraints in the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus

  • Lemaitre R., Tavares M., 2015. New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America

  • Lewis S. M., Rotjan S. M., 2008. Vacancy Chains Provide Aggregate Benefits To Coenobita clypeatus Hermit Crabs

  • McLaughlin P. A., Dworschak P. C., 2001. Reappraisal of hermit crab species (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridea) reported by Camill Heller in 1861, 1862 and 1865

  • McLaughlin P. A., Komai T., Lemaitre R., Rahayu D. L., 2010. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I. Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea

  • McMahon B. R., Burggren W. W., 1979. Respiration and Adaptation to the Terrestrial Habitat in the Land Hermit Crab Coenobita Clypeatus

  • Morrison L. W., Spiller D. A., 2006. Land hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus) densities and patterns of gastropod shell use on small Bahamian islands

  • Nieves-Rivera Á. M., Williams Jr E. H., 2003. Annual Migrations and Spawning of Coenobita clypeatus (Herbst) on Mona Island (Puerto Rico) and Notes on Inland Crustaceans

  • Rotjan R. D., Chabot R. D., Lewis S. M., 2010. Social context of shell acquisition in Coenobita clypeatus hermit crabs

  • Sanvicente-Anorve L., Hermoso-Salazar M., 2011. Relative growth of the land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Anomura, Coenobitidae) from a coral reef island, southern Gulf of Mexico

  • Tudge C., Lemaitre R., 2006. Studies of Male Sexual Tubes in Hermit Crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea). II. Morphology of the Sexual Tube in the Land Hermit Crabs, Coenobita Perlatus and C. Clypeatus (Coenobitidae)

  • Wheatly M. G., Burggren W. W., McMahon B. R., 1984. The Effects of Temperature and Water Availability on Ion and Acid-Base Balance in Hemolymph of the Land Hermit Crab Coenobita clypeatus

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