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Coenobita scaevola

Coenobita Scaevola Forskål, 1775

Image©papa___74

中文名

紅海產陸寄居蟹(此名稱是本人按照坊間的英文名Red Sea Hermit Crab的原意所譯，非學名)。

體型

前甲長可達9.5mm。

分佈

紅海至阿拉伯海北部海岸，例如亞丁灣、阿曼灣、西奈半島、卡達、葉門、伊朗、巴基斯坦、埃及、吉布提、厄立特里亞、索馬利亞等等。

棲息環境

出沒於高溫和相對濕度底的乾旱(沙漠)地區。牠們棲身於海岸附近，不會進出內陸，主要依靠海水作為水源。日間牠們會躲藏在15-20cm深的底沙或在沿岸長有植物的陰暗地方挖掘躲藏。 

幼體變態

七期蚤狀幼體。

形態

成體
體色呈白色、米白色、淡灰色、淡粉紅(幼體較多)。

前甲著有灰色斑點。

眼柄
眼柄呈扁平四方形。 

眼晴呈灰色。

觸角
第二觸角根部呈白色。

螯腳
左螯腳比右螯腳大。左螯腳靠近背側外表面具有齒狀的斜向顆粒列。

左右螯腳內側皆有剛毛。

左右螯腳著有灰色斑點。

胸足
第二、三胸足著有灰色斑點。

腹部
腹部略短。

雄性生殖器
雄性生殖器(精管)和Coenobita pseudorugosus相同，形狀如下。

幼體
體色呈淡粉紅、其他和成體相近。

Remark

跟據< Coastal Hermit Crabs (ecapoda: Anomura) from Kenya, with a Review and Key to East African Species >，Coenobita scaevola有可能分佈於肯亞南部沿岸，但在最近的觀察並沒有發現。這物種可能是受到了肯亞南部的地域限制。

跟據這文獻的Table 3. < Species of the genera Birgus and Coenobita recorded from East Africa >，在坦尚尼亞和馬達加斯加也沒有Coenobita scaevola的記錄。

但我找到一些在肯亞、坦尚尼亞、馬達加斯加和塞席爾的陸寄居蟹照片，這幾個地點也和阿拉伯海接近。照片中的個體和Coenobita scaevola十分相似，很大可能是Coenobita scaevola。 

肯亞(Kenya)

坦尚尼亞(Tanzania)

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Reference links

  • coenobita.e-monsite.com
  • coenobitaspecies.com

Reference articles

  • Abd Al-Kader M. Hassan., Besar M.H., Hanafy MH., Mohamed M Abu-Zaid1., 2013. Some Ecological Aspects of the Land Hermit Crab Coenobita Scaevola ( Coenobitidae ) at Wadi El-Gemal Protected Area , Red Sea
  • Achituv Y., Ziskind M., 1985. Adaptation of Coenobita scaevola (Forskal) (Crustacea, Anemura) to terrestrial life in desert-bordered shore line
  • Burggren W. W., McMahon B. R., 2009. Biology of the Land Crabs, Cambridge University Press
  • Fishelson L., 1971. Ecology and distribution of the benthic fauna in the shallow waters of the Red Sea
  • Fishelson L., 2009. Red Sea Explorations by Israeli Zoologists 1950–2009
  • Greenaway P., 2003. Terrestrial adaptations in the Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda)
  • Kazmi Q. B., Siddiqui F. A., 2006. An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian sea part vi: Decapoda Anomura
  • Khaleid F., Abd El-Wakeil, Elham S. Ahmed, Ahmad H., Obuid-Allah, Nasser A., El-Shimy, 2009. Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) inhabiting the intertidal and shallow sub tidal region of Red Sea coast of Egypt
  • McLaughlin P. A., Komai T., Lemaitre R., Rahayu D. L., 2010. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I. Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea
  • Moradmand M., Sari A. R., 2007. Littoral hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Oman, Iran
  • Niggemann R., 1968. Zur Biologie und Ökologie des Landeinsiedlerkrebses Coenobita scaevola Forskal am Roten Meer
  • Reay P. J., Haig J., 1990. Coastal Hermit Crabs (Decapoda: Anomura) from Kenya, with a Review and Key to East African Species
  • Sallam W. S., 2012. Egg production and shell relationship of the land hermit crab Coenobita scaevola (Anomura: Coenobitidae) from Wadi El-Gemal, Red Sea, Egypt
  • Sallam W. S., Mantelatto F. L., 2010. Population features and breeding season of the land hermit crab Coenobita scaevola (Forskal, 1775) (Anomura, Coenobitidae) from Wadi El- Gemal, South Red Sea, Egypt
  • Sallam W. S., Mantelatto F. L., Hanafy M. H., 2008. Shell utilization by the land hermit crab Coenobita scaevola (Anomura, Coenobitidae) from Wadi El-Gemal, Red Sea
  • Seyfabadi J., Motazedi M., Khodabandeh S., Kheirabadi N., Safaei M., 2013. Shell selection in the land hermit crab, Coenobita scaevola (Forskal, 1775) from Larak Island, Persian Gulf, (Decapoda: Coenobitidae)
  • Seyfabadi J., Zamani Jamshidi M. M., Mahvary-Habibabadi A., 2013. Littoral hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of Larak Island, Persian Gulf, Iran
  • 朝倉彰, 2004. ヤドカリ類の分類学，最近の話題 － オカヤドカリ科

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