Image©papa___74
其他物種
- Birgus latro (椰子蟹)
- Coenobita scaevola (紅海產陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita clypeatus (西伯利斯陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita compressus (厄瓜多爾產陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita perlatus (橙紅陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita rugosus (灰白陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita spinosus (棘足陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita olivieri
- Coenobita carnescens
- Coenobita brevimanus (短掌陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita cavipes (凹足陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita purpureus (紫陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita violascens (深紫陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita rubescens (西非產陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita longitarsis
- Coenobita variabilis (澳洲產陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita pseudorugosus (偽灰白陸寄居蟹)
- Coenobita lila (淡紫陸寄居蟹)
- New species related to Coenobita violascens
- New species related to Coenobita rugosus
中文名
紅海產陸寄居蟹(此名稱是本人按照坊間的英文名Red Sea Hermit Crab的原意所譯，非學名)。
體型
前甲長可達9.5mm。
分佈
紅海至阿拉伯海北部海岸，例如亞丁灣、阿曼灣、西奈半島、卡達、葉門、伊朗、巴基斯坦、埃及、吉布提、厄立特里亞、索馬利亞等等。
棲息環境
出沒於高溫和相對濕度底的乾旱(沙漠)地區。牠們棲身於海岸附近，不會進出內陸，主要依靠海水作為水源。日間牠們會躲藏在15-20cm深的底沙或在沿岸長有植物的陰暗地方挖掘躲藏。
幼體變態
七期蚤狀幼體。
形態
成體
體色呈白色、米白色、淡灰色、淡粉紅(幼體較多)。
前甲著有灰色斑點。
眼柄
眼柄呈扁平，比較不像四方形，更像三角形。
眼晴呈灰色。
觸角
第二觸角根部呈白色。
螯腳
左螯腳比右螯腳大。左螯腳靠近背側外表面具有齒狀的斜向顆粒列。
左右螯腳內側皆有剛毛。
左右螯腳著有灰色斑點。
胸足
第二、三胸足著有灰色斑點。
腹部
腹部略短。
雄性生殖器
雄性生殖器(精管)形狀如下。
Remark
跟據< Coastal Hermit Crabs (ecapoda: Anomura) from Kenya, with a Review and Key to East African Species >，Coenobita scaevola有可能分佈於肯亞南部沿岸，但在最近的觀察並沒有發現。這物種可能是受到了肯亞南部的地域限制。
跟據這文獻的Table 3. < Species of the genera Birgus and Coenobita recorded from East Africa >，在坦尚尼亞和馬達加斯加也沒有Coenobita scaevola的記錄。
但我找到一些在肯亞、坦尚尼亞、馬達加斯加和塞席爾的陸寄居蟹照片，這幾個地點也和阿拉伯海接近。照片中的個體和Coenobita scaevola十分相似，很大可能是Coenobita scaevola。
不過這些個體也有可能只是Coenobita rugosus，像東非的Coenobita violascens，東非的個體一般都是體色偏白，所以跟Coenobita scaevola十分相似。
肯亞(Kenya)
坦尚尼亞(Tanzania)
馬達加斯加(Madagascar)
塞席爾(Seychelles)
Remark 2 – Coenobita scaevola vs Coenobita rugosus
感謝施教授提供1969年公開的一篇文章 < Die Anomuren des Roten Meeres (Crustacea Decapoda Paguridea, Galatheidea, Hippidea) >。
文章提到有幾點可以分辨Coenobita scaevola和Coenobita rugosus，其中3點如下:
1. Coenobita scaevola 右螯腳長節下緣內有一束長剛毛，Coenobita rugosus並沒有此束長剛毛。
感謝埃及的Dr. Khaleid Fouad Abd El-Wakeilz，確定Dr. Elham Said Ahmed Said調查的Coenobita scaevola個體是有此束長剛毛。
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- Original Picture: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133668021
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- Original Picture: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145886440
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- Original Picture: https://www.seviews.com/p/78347nrk/11864967402/hermit-crab-paguroidea-sp-ras-al
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- Original Picture: https://www.instagram.com/p/CEgPQQcp6nI/
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- Picture searched from instagram(Location: Ras Mohammed)
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- Picture searched from instagram(Location: Egypt)
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- Original Picture: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/192320067
2a. 左螯腳掌部下緣的型狀不同。
2b. Coenobita scaevola的左螯腳靠近背側外表面具有的齒狀斜向顆粒列比較尖銳，Coenobita rugosus 的左螯腳靠近背側外表面具有的齒狀斜向顆粒列較圓。(Tony: 個人覺得這點難以分辨出來) 。
2c. Coenobita scaevola左螯腳上緣具有一列8~9的齒狀顆粒(Tony: 個人覺得這點難以分辨出來) 。
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- Original Picture: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133668021
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- Original Picture: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8694329
3. 眼睛型狀和眼柄型狀不同。
Gallery
Reference links
- coenobita.e-monsite.com
- coenobitaspecies.com
Reference articles
- Abd Al-Kader M. Hassan., Besar M.H., Hanafy MH., Mohamed M Abu-Zaid1., 2013. Some Ecological Aspects of the Land Hermit Crab Coenobita Scaevola ( Coenobitidae ) at Wadi El-Gemal Protected Area , Red Sea
- Achituv Y., Ziskind M., 1985. Adaptation of Coenobita scaevola (Forskal) (Crustacea, Anemura) to terrestrial life in desert-bordered shore line
- Burggren W. W., McMahon B. R., 2009. Biology of the Land Crabs, Cambridge University Press
- Ch. Lewinsohn., 1969. Die Anomuren des Roten Meeres (Crustacea Decapoda: Paguridea, Galatheidea, Hippidea) 1)
- E S A Said., 2008. Taxonomical and ecological studies on hermit crabs inhabiting the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Master thesis in Zoology (Invertebrates), Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
- Fishelson L., 1971. Ecology and distribution of the benthic fauna in the shallow waters of the Red Sea
- Fishelson L., 2009. Red Sea Explorations by Israeli Zoologists 1950–2009
- Greenaway P., 2003. Terrestrial adaptations in the Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda)
- Kazmi Q. B., Siddiqui F. A., 2006. An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian sea part vi: Decapoda Anomura
- Khaleid F., Abd El-Wakeil, Elham S. Ahmed, Ahmad H., Obuid-Allah, Nasser A., El-Shimy, 2009. Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) inhabiting the intertidal and shallow sub tidal region of Red Sea coast of Egypt
- McLaughlin P. A., Komai T., Lemaitre R., Rahayu D. L., 2010. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I. Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea
- Moradmand M., Sari A. R., 2007. Littoral hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Oman, Iran
- Niggemann R., 1968. Zur Biologie und Ökologie des Landeinsiedlerkrebses Coenobita scaevola Forskal am Roten Meer
- Reay P. J., Haig J., 1990. Coastal Hermit Crabs (Decapoda: Anomura) from Kenya, with a Review and Key to East African Species
- Sallam W. S., 2012. Egg production and shell relationship of the land hermit crab Coenobita scaevola (Anomura: Coenobitidae) from Wadi El-Gemal, Red Sea, Egypt
- Sallam W. S., Mantelatto F. L., 2010. Population features and breeding season of the land hermit crab Coenobita scaevola (Forskal, 1775) (Anomura, Coenobitidae) from Wadi El- Gemal, South Red Sea, Egypt
- Sallam W. S., Mantelatto F. L., Hanafy M. H., 2008. Shell utilization by the land hermit crab Coenobita scaevola (Anomura, Coenobitidae) from Wadi El-Gemal, Red Sea
- Seyfabadi J., Motazedi M., Khodabandeh S., Kheirabadi N., Safaei M., 2013. Shell selection in the land hermit crab, Coenobita scaevola (Forskal, 1775) from Larak Island, Persian Gulf, (Decapoda: Coenobitidae)
- Seyfabadi J., Zamani Jamshidi M. M., Mahvary-Habibabadi A., 2013. Littoral hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of Larak Island, Persian Gulf, Iran
- 朝倉彰, 2004. ヤドカリ類の分類学，最近の話題 － オカヤドカリ科